| Let's look at the sentence pattern. |
| Do you remember how the character said, |
| "Wash the galangal clean, then cut it into small pieces. Don't put it in the pot yet." |
| ล้างข่าให้สะอาด แล้วก็หั่นเป็นชิ้นเล็กๆ อย่าเพิ่งใส่ลงในหม้อล่ะ (láang khàa hâi sà-àat. láaeo gâaw hàn bpen chín lék-lék. yàa phôeng sài long nai mâaw lâ.) |
| ล้างข่าให้สะอาด แล้วก็หั่นเป็นชิ้นเล็กๆ อย่าเพิ่งใส่ลงในหม้อล่ะ (láang khàa hâi sà-àat. láaeo gâaw hàn bpen chín lék-lék. yàa phôeng sài long nai mâaw lâ.) |
| This sentence follows the two patterns here: |
| Verb + Object |
| Do...! |
| or |
| อย่า + (adverb) + Verb + Object + ล่ะ |
| (yàa + (adverb) + verb + object + lâ) |
| Don't...! |
| When asking someone to do something, you use the top one. When asking someone not to do something, you use the bottom one. |
| Let's see how the line from the dialogue uses the pattern. |
| ล้างข่าให้สะอาด แล้วก็หั่นเป็นชิ้นเล็กๆ อย่าเพิ่งใส่ลงในหม้อล่ะ (láang khàa hâi sà-àat. láaeo gâaw hàn bpen chín lék-lék. yàa phôeng sài long nai mâaw lâ.) |
| "Wash the galangal clean, then cut it into small pieces. Don't put it in the pot yet." |
| Let's break it down: |
| ล้าง (láang) is the verb meaning "to wash," |
| followed by |
| ข่า (khàa), which means "galangal," the object, |
| next |
| ให้สะอาด (hâi sà-àat), meaning "so that it's clean," where ให้ means "to make" or "let," and สะอาด means "clean." |
| Then we have แล้วก็ (láaeo kô), meaning "then," |
| followed by |
| หั่น (hàn), meaning "cut," |
| เป็น (bpen), functioning like "into," |
| ชิ้นเล็กๆ (chín lék-lék), meaning "small pieces." |
| Next comes the negative command: |
| อย่า (yàa), meaning "don't," |
| เพิ่ง (phôeng), meaning "just yet," |
| ใส่ (sài), meaning "put," |
| ลง (long), meaning "into," |
| ในหม้อ (nai mâaw), meaning "in the pot," |
| and finally |
| ล่ะ (lâ), a softener that adds a warning or reminder tone. |
| The first sentence followed the pattern [Verb + Object], and the second sentence is a negative command using the pattern อย่า + [verb phrase] + ล่ะ. |
| In Thai cooking, ข่า (khàa), "galangal," is a root similar to ginger but with a sharper, citrusy flavor. |
| It's a key ingredient in soups like ต้มยำ (dtôm yam). |
| Because it looks like ginger, beginners sometimes confuse the two, just like in our dialogue. |
| Now let's look at some speaking examples. |
| ทำความสะอาดโต๊ะเดี๋ยวนี้ (tham-khwaam-sà-àat dtó dǐiao-níi) |
| "Clean the table now!" |
| Can you see how the pattern applies here? |
| Let's break it down: |
| ทำความสะอาด (tham-khwaam-sà-àat), meaning "to clean," |
| followed by |
| โต๊ะ (tó), meaning "table," |
| next |
| เดี๋ยวนี้ (dǐiao-níi), meaning "now" or "right away." |
| The sentence uses the Verb + Object structure to give a direct and clear instruction. |
| Here's another example |
| กรุณาบอกเบอร์โทรศัพท์ของคุณหน่อยค่ะ (gà-rú-naa bàawk booe-thoo-rá-sàp khǎawng khun nàauy khâ) |
| "Please tell me your phone number." |
| กรุณาบอกเบอร์โทรศัพท์ของคุณหน่อยค่ะ (gà-rú-naa bàawk booe-thoo-rá-sàp khǎawng khun nàauy khâ) |
| "Please tell me your phone number." |
| Let's try one more, |
| อย่ากินขนม (yàa gin khà-nǒm) |
| "Don't eat the snack." |
| อย่ากินขนม (yàa gin khà-nǒm) |
| "Don't eat the snack." |
| Now you know how to use two key Thai patterns to give instructions and make polite requests. |
| ...and now let's move on to the practice. |
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